il fascismo riassunto

Grazie al consenso dei proprietari terrieri, al congresso dei Fasci del novembre 1921, Mussolini trasformò il movimento nel Partito nazionale fascista. "fascist style": a political aesthetic of romantic symbolism, mass mobilization, a positive view of violence, and promotion of masculinity, youth, and charismatic authoritarian leadership.

With the antagonism between anti-interventionist Marxists and pro-interventionist Fascists complete by the end of the war, the two sides became irreconcilable. Beginning in November 1945 and lasting through 1949, numerous Nazi political, military and economic leaders were tried and convicted of war crimes, with many of the worst offenders receiving the death penalty. [137] After Fascism's accommodation of the political right, the Fascist movement's membership soared to approximately 250,000 by 1921. [217] In particular, fascists criticized capitalism not because of its competitive nature nor support of private property, which fascists supported—but due to its materialism, individualism, alleged bourgeois decadence and alleged indifference to the nation. Historian George Mosse similarly analyzed fascism as an inheritor of the mass ideology and civil religion of the French Revolution, as well as a result of the brutalization of societies in 1914–1918. Dopo aver occupato per mesi una posizione marginale, nel 1920 il fascismo cominciò a prendere il sopravvento e si crearono le squadre d’azione fasciste, contro i socialisti. Failed yesterday and succeed to-morrow. [271] Mussolini's use of Nietzsche made him a highly unorthodox socialist, due to Nietzsche's promotion of elitism and anti-egalitarian views. [7][8], Fascists believe that liberal democracy is obsolete and regard the complete mobilization of society under a totalitarian one-party state as necessary to prepare a nation for armed conflict and to respond effectively to economic difficulties. The fascist view of a nation is of a single organic entity that binds people together by their ancestry and is a natural unifying force of people. Salazar's regime was not only non-fascist, but “voluntarily non-totalitarian,” preferring to let those of its citizens who kept out of politics “live by habit".

The fascists banned literature on birth control and increased penalties for abortion in 1926, declaring both crimes against the state. [195] Fascism seeks to solve economic, political and social problems by achieving a millenarian national rebirth, exalting the nation or race above all else and promoting cults of unity, strength and purity. He created an eight-hour work day and a forty-eight-hour work week in industry; sought to entrench a corporatist economy; and pursued irredentist claims on Hungary's neighbors. [229] This emphasis on the use of political violence means that most fascist parties have also created their own private militias (e.g.

[235] Fascist Italy regarded the promotion of male sexual excitation before puberty as the cause of criminality amongst male youth, declared homosexuality a social disease and pursued an aggressive campaign to reduce prostitution of young women. Sternhell, Zeev, "Crisis of Fin-de-siècle Thought" in Griffin, Roger, ed.. Tracy H. Koon. [183], Historians tend to view the Estado Novo as para-fascist in nature,[184] possessing minimal fascist tendencies. Quel giorno a Piazza san Sepolcro n° 9, in un locale messo a disposizione dal Circolo degli Interessi Industriali si radunò un piccolo gruppo di circa 120 ex combattenti, interventisti, arditi e intellettuali, che fondarono i Fasci italiani di combattimento. [257] He conceived of a society based on a totalitarian concept of "total mobilization" of such disciplined warrior-workers.[257]. Westport, Connecticut, US: Praeger Publishers, 2001. p. 73, Kevin Passmore, Women, Gender and Fascism in Europe, p. 116. [273], In 1938, Mussolini declared upon Italy's adoption of antisemitic laws that Italian fascism had always been antisemitic,[273] In fact, Italian fascism did not endorse antisemitism until the late 1930s when Mussolini feared alienating antisemitic Nazi Germany, whose power and influence were growing in Europe.

La situazione dei vari paesi alla fine della Prima guerra mondiale, la nascita del fascismo e il potere di Mussolini. Edition of 1999. I Fasci di Combattimento. [139], [Fascism in Italy was a] primarily political dictatorship. According to cultural critic Susan Sontag: Fascist aesthetics ... flow from (and justify) a preoccupation with situations of control, submissive behavior, extravagant effort, and the endurance of pain; they endorse two seemingly opposite states, egomania and servitude. According to Italian fascist dictator Benito Mussolini's own account, the Fasces of Revolutionary Action were founded in Italy in 1915.

While continuing to rely on Germany for support, Mussolini and the remaining loyal Fascists founded the Italian Social Republic with Mussolini as head of state. Their eugenics program also stemmed from the "progressive biomedical model" of Weimar Germany. Roger Griffin describes fascism as "a genus of political ideology whose mythic core in its various permutations is a palingenetic form of populist ultranationalism". Its choreography alternates between ceaseless motion and a congealed, static, "virile" posing. McLaren, Angus, Twentieth-Century Sexuality p. 139 Blackwell Publishing 1999, Allen, Ann Taylor, Review of Dagmar Herzog, Sex after Fascism January 2006. Fascismo al potere: riassunto IL FASCISMO IN ITALIA: VERSO LA DITTATURA. Mark Antliff.

[171] Due to the worldwide depression, Mussolini's government was able to take over most of Italy's largest failing banks, who held controlling interest in many Italian businesses. [178] In 1939, Germany prepared for war with Poland, but attempted to gain territorial concessions from Poland through diplomatic means. [54], Italian Fascism gravitated to the right in the early 1920s. [63] Upon accommodating the political right, there arose a group of monarchist fascists who sought to use fascism to create an absolute monarchy under King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy. [85] Their intellectual school considered the individual as only one part of the larger collectivity, which should not be viewed as a numerical sum of atomized individuals. … The judicial system was left largely intact and relatively autonomous as well. [264], Some have criticized Mussolini's actions during the outbreak of World War I as opportunist for seeming to suddenly abandon Marxist egalitarian internationalism for non-egalitarian nationalism and note to that effect that upon Mussolini endorsing Italy's intervention in the war against Germany and Austria-Hungary, he and the new fascist movement received financial support from foreign sources, such as Ansaldo (an armaments firm) and other companies[265] as well as the British Security Service MI5. ", sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFPaxton2004 (. [22], Historians, political scientists, and other scholars have long debated the exact nature of fascism. The basis of fascism's support of violent action in politics is connected to social Darwinism. Jonathan C. Friedman. [91][92] Mosca claims that there are only two classes in society, "the governing" (the organized minority) and "the governed" (the disorganized majority). Fascism has been criticized for being ideologically dishonest. [50][51] Roderick Stackelberg places fascism—including Nazism, which he says is "a radical variant of fascism"—on the political right by explaining: "The more a person deems absolute equality among all people to be a desirable condition, the further left he or she will be on the ideological spectrum. Gentile, Emilio, The Struggle for Modernity: Nationalism, Futurism, and Fascism (Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers, 2003) p. 6. Cite error: A list-defined reference named "totalitarianism" is not used in the content (see the help page).

The relations of domination and enslavement take the form of a characteristic pageantry: the massing of groups of people; the turning of people into things; the multiplication or replication of things; and the grouping of people/things around an all-powerful, hypnotic leader-figure or force.

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