cardinale richelieu
Richelieu did not survive to the end of the Thirty Years' War. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. When Armand was only five years old, his father died fighting in the French Wars of Religion, leaving the family in debt; with the aid of royal grants, however, the family was able to avoid financial difficulties. He had great literary pretensions, and had several mediocre plays of his own composition produced in a theatre belonging to him. At the end of 1625, when Richelieu was preparing to give back Valteline to the Protestant Grisons, the partisans of Spain called him "Cardinal of the Huguenots", and two pamphlets, attributed to the Jesuits Eudemon Joannes and Jean Keller, appeared against him; these he had burned. Cinq-Mars was promptly arrested and executed; although Louis approved the use of capital punishment, he grew more distant from Richelieu as a result. He wished to compel the bishops to reside in their dioceses, to establish seminaries there, and to visit their parishes. For many years he had suffered from recurrent fevers (possibly malaria), strangury, intestinal tuberculosis with fistula, and migraine. Ecclesiastical approbation. Richelieu did not survive until the end of the Thirty Years' War however, the conflict ended in 1648, with France emerging in a far better position than any other power, and the Holy Roman Empire entering a period of decline. Thereafter, the King, although continuing to dislike Richelieu, was unwavering in his political support for him; the courtier was created duc de Richelieu and was made a Peer of France. Nihil Obstat. When in 1626 a book by the Jesuit Sanctarel appeared in Paris, affirming the right of the popes to depose kings for wrong-doing, heresy, or incapacity, it was burned in the Place de Greve; Father Coton and the three superiors of the Jesuits houses summoned before the Parlement were forced to repudiate the work.
Collins, p. 1—although Collin does note that this can be exaggerated.
In 1631, he allied France to Sweden, who had just invaded the empire, in the Treaty of Bärwalde. There, Richelieu spent most of his time writing; he composed a catechism entitled L'Instruction du chrétien. He proposed forming the congregations of Saint-Vannes and Saint-Maur into one body, of which he was to have been superior. [62] In 1641, he participated in the comte de Soissons' failed conspiracy against Richelieu, but was not discovered. Contrary to the theories which he had maintained in his discourse of 1614 he considered, now that he was a minister, that the needs of the State constituted a case of force majeure, which should oblige the clergy to submit to all the fiscal exigencies of the civil power. [45] In the meantime, France and Spain remained hostile due to Spain's ambitions in northern Italy. Richelieu served as the Académie's protector. Richelieu's foreign policy (for which see LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) was characterized by his fearlessness in making alliances with the foreign Protestants.
Earlier, the nation's political structure was largely feudal, with powerful nobles and a wide variety of laws in different regions. Equally critical for France was Richelieu's foreign policy, which helped restrain Habsburg influence in Europe.
Richelieu has frequently been depicted in popular fiction, principally as the lead villain in Alexandre Dumas's 1844 novel The Three Musketeers and its numerous film adaptations. Goyau, G. (1912).
Next year, he schemed with leading nobles (including the King's brother, the duc d'Orléans) to raise a rebellion; he also signed a secret agreement with the King of Spain, who promised to aid the rebels. Richelieu's tenure was a crucial period of reform for France. Although Mazarin was originally a representative of the Holy See, he had left the Pope's service to join that of the King of France. In having him arrested 14 May, 1638, Richelieu declared that "had Luther and Calvin been confined before they had begun to dogmatize, the states would have been spared many troubles". Soon after the dissolution of the States-General, Richelieu entered the service of King Louis XIII's wife, Anne of Austria, as her almoner.
Regrettably, I can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate ads. Richelieu foresaw the perils to which nascent Jansenism would expose the Church.
Remy Lafort, D.D., Censor. From 1622 Richelieu was proviseur of the Sorbonne, and was in virtue of this office head of the Association of Doctors of the Sorbonne. Protestant forces, however, were defeated in 1629; Rohan submitted to the terms of the Peace of Alais. Next year, the King nominated Richelieu for a cardinalate, which Pope Gregory XV accordingly granted on April 19, 1622.
Only half of this project was accomplished, however, when in 1636 he succeeded in uniting the Order of Cluny with the Congregation of Saint-Maur. The city, however, remained firm for over a year before capitulating in 1628. [44], In 1629, Emperor Ferdinand II subjugated many of his Protestant opponents in Germany. In 1614, the clergymen of Poitou elected Richelieu as one of their representatives to the States-General. [8], When he was five years old, his father died fighting in the French Wars of Religion,[9] leaving the family in debt; with the aid of royal grants, however, the family was able to avoid financial difficulties. It is to be noted that Marca does not give the superiority of a council over the pope as a foundation of the Gallican liberties. in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. [citation needed]. Hostilities, however, increased until finally the king's confessor opposed the foreign policy of the cardinal. Precisely at this date Richelieu had a whole series of grievances against Rome: Urban VIII had refused successively to name him Legate of the Holy See in France, Legate of Avignon, and coadjutor to the Bishop of Trier; he had refused the purple to Father Joseph, and had been opposed the annulment of the marriage of Gaston d'Orléans. 13. Richelieu was a bright child and excelled at his studies. [79] His taste also ran to massive silver, small bronzes and works of vertu, enamels and rock crystal mounted in gold, Chinese porcelains, tapestries and Persian carpets, cabinets from Italy, and Antwerp and the heart-shaped diamond bought from Alphonse Lopez that he willed to the king. At the same time the sending of Mazarin as envoy to France by Urban VIII, and the presentation to him of the cardinal's hat put an end to the differences between Richelieu and the Holy See. Richelieu represented the clergy of Poitou in the States General of 1614, where his political career began. In Oct., 1639, after the murder of an equerry of Marshal d'Estrees, the French Ambassador, Estrees declared the rights of the people violated.
13. It is to be noted that Marca does not give the superiority of a council over the pope as a foundation of the Gallican liberties. Nihil Obstat. Named coadjutor to the Abbot of Cluny in 1627, and Abbot of Cluny in 1629, he called to this monastery the Reformed Benedictines of Saint-Vannes. The Huguenots, one of the largest political and religious factions in the country, controlled a significant military force, and were in rebellion. Upon the whole, Richelieu's policy was to preserve a just mean between the parliamentary Gallicans and the Ultramontanes. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Henri Coiffier de Ruzé, marquis de Cinq-Mars, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, "Cercle Richelieu Senghor de Paris – Tribune internationale de la francophonie", "A Photograph of the Head of Cardinal Richelieu Taken Two Hundred and Fifty Years After Death", The history of modern Europe from the fall of Constantinople: in 1453, to the war in the Crimea, in 1857. [citation needed], Michelangelo's two Slaves were among the rich appointments of the château Richelieu, where there were the Nativity triptych by Dürer, and paintings by Mantegna, Lorenzo Costa and Perugino, lifted from the Gonzaga collection at Mantua by French military forces in 1630, as well as numerous antiquities. Letter of Cardinal Richelieu to Claude de Razilly asking him to do everything in his power to relieve Ré Island in the Siege of Saint-Martin-de-Ré, July 1627. His legacy is also important for the world at large; his ideas of a strong nation-state and aggressive foreign policy helped create the modern system of international politics.
In foreign policy, his primary objective was to check the power of the Habsburg dynasty in Spain and Austria, and ensure French dominance in the Thirty Years' War that engulfed Europe. The Galerie de l'avant-cour had ceiling paintings by the Cardinal's chief portraitist, Philippe de Champaigne, celebrating the major events of the Cardinal's career; the Galerie des hommes illustres had twenty-six historicizing portraits of great men, larger than life, from Abbot Suger to Louis XIII; some were by Simon Vouet, others were careful copies by Philippe de Champaigne from known portraits;[76] with them were busts of Roman emperors. SourcesBesides the works indicated in the articles LECLERC DU TREMBLAY and MARIA DE' MEDICI the following may be consulted: Maximes d'etat et fragments politiques du cardinal de Richelieu, ed. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13047a.htm, "Armand-Jean du Plessis, Duke de Richelieu.". +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York. Richelieu again strove to allay feeling, and in a discourse (while still affirming that the king held his kingdom from God alone) declared that "the king cannot make an article of faith unless this article has been so declared by the Church in her oecumenical councils".
La Vampa D'agosto Episodio, Saint-simon Riassunto, Giovanna Di Castiglia, Liceo Scientifico Archimede Acireale, Ambra Nome Significato, 22 Ottobre Segno Zodiacale, Figurine Me Contro Te 2020, La Vita Della Madonna, A Napoli Non Piove Mai Streaming Cb01, Il Collegio 4 Terza Puntata, Christine Angela, Zapponeta Ti Porto Nel Cuore, Youtube Iqbal Film, Nomi Di Santi Strani, Buon Onomastico Ludovica, San Romolo Fiesole, Sant'elena Quando Si Festeggia, Inventato La Pizza Con L'ananas, Caustico Significato, Centro Specializzato Gastroenterologia Torino, Paola Nome, Biografia Saint Simon, Liceo Scientifico Trebisacce, La Danza Del Gabbiano Raiplay, Esiste San Danilo?, Pizza Integrale Senza Impasto, Dove Hanno Girato Il Collegio 2019, Voci Stipendiali Per Calcolo Tfs, Baldacchino Di San Pietro Pdf, Isola San Giulio Meteo, Il Sindaco Del Rione Sanità Location, Leone Di San Marco Bandiera, Farina 5 Stagioni Pizza In Teglia, 23 Maggio Giornata Mondiale, Significato Di Nazireato, Il Collegio Partecipanti, Lampedusa E Linosa Salvatore Martello, Andrea Crisanti Mail, Auguri San Marco, Amore E Misericordia Film Streaming,
