why was france a threat to elizabeth in 1558

why was france a threat to elizabeth in 1558why was france a threat to elizabeth in 1558

Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the reasons for the increased Catholic threat to Elizabeth I after 1566. The Spanish plan to meet the Duke of Parma at Dunkirk was seriously flawed. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - introduction. Norfolk was also expected to marry Mary. Instead, her goal was to ensure freedom of worship for Dutch Protestants and protect Englands Military, commercial and strategic interests listed above. LS23 6AD King Phillip tried to send two further Armadas in the 1590s however, both were unsuccessful. King Phillip saw the signing of the 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch as a declaration fo war on Spain and in response, he began to build a huge fleet of ships known as an Armada to invade England with. The Catholic threat - Elizabethan Religious Settlement - AQA - BBC Bitesize He was a protestant and head of his country; however England viewed Sweden as a mediocre power and not a nation to be linked with in marriage. The plan was discovered and the Earls feared being executed for treason, so in a desperate attempt to escape punishment, they rebelled against Elizabeth and tried to overthrow her. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. A number of Catholic plots to remove Elizabeth in the 1570s and 1580s had his involvement although he was reluctant and half-hearted in their execution. Elizabeth couldn't restore authority and teachings of the Pope. Norfolk was killed in 1572. Insolvency therefore limited the choices of the new Queen and instantly undermined her power. Northern Rebellion led by Earl of Westmorland. Elizabeth's greatest problem in 1558 was the threat of invasion. Elizabeth had been in power for eight years by 1566 and it was at this time that the Catholic threat began to increase. The plot was uncovered whilst Ridolfi was abroad (he never returned). Ridolfis plan was to make Mary queen by first assassinating Elizabeth and then marrying Mary to the Duke of Norfolk. Another being the English sympathy to the protestant rebels on the Netherlands. Boston Spa, Approximately 30 ships were destroyed and tonnes of supplies were also seized including food and weapons. West Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, This established a new Anglo-Scottish peace and also reconfirmed the agreement at Cateau-Cambresis. In July, the Spanish fleet was seen off Cornwall and signal fires known as beacons were lit along the south coast to send the news to the Elizabeth who was in London. This included: 1) the Act of Supremacy which stated that Elizabeth was Head of the Church, 2) the Act of Uniformity which set out expectations for church appearances and church services and 3) Royal Injunctions a set of instructions reinforcing the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity. Overview of Elizabeth I / 1560 - death of francis II, Mary returns to scotland as queen. Tudor Brief Essay Plans Flashcards | Quizlet The answer does touch upon the issue of religion but this could be extended further to acknowledge the extensive divisions within society given the preceding tumultuous changes (a brief mention of the role of the puritans for example could help). This was viewed as significant because it was seen as a means to increase trade, to expand Protestantism and to use the area as a base for attacks on Spanish colonies in the New World. Not many Englishmen were granted licenses and therefore Elizabeth would encourage privateers, men who sailed their own ships, to trade illegally with the Spanish colonies. By August 1986, Walsingham had gathered enough evidence to dismantle the plot. Official Thread: (Undergraduate) Medicine 2023 Entry, St George's University of London (SGUL) A101 2023 Entry. The early Tudors, 1485-1558 | Institute of Continuing Education (ICE) By the 1580s, the relationship between England and Spain was at its lowest point and the tension was at boiling point. Elizabeth had given financial help to the rebels, however, remained reluctant to provoke King Phillip by getting directly involved. The Spanish responded by doing the same to the English. Stimulus = Mary Queen of Scots arrival in England / The sea beggars, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. [Relative comparison made to inform the judgement here shows instantly criteria are being established, helping to signpost the rest of the answer.]. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement - World History Encyclopedia Anthony Babington, an English Catholic, wrote to Mary about the plot. PDF History Paper 2 - Elizabeth Topic 1: Early threats and the Religious The rest of the Spanish fleet was forced to sail away from the French coast and into the North Sea with the English fleet on their trail. The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. Pope, Head of Catholic church would excommunicate her. The reasons for, and significance of, the Revolt of the Northern Earls, 156970. - Invasion was a major threat because of the power of the countries France and Spain. One fact that should not be ignored from 1566 was the increasing role of the Pope and his determination to undermine Elizabeth. Boston Spa, Elizabeth had reinstated Protestantism as the official religion of England when she inherited the throne, but that did not mean that there were not still Catholics residing in the country. Use your outline Humiliatingly, Elizabeth had to confirm the loss of Calais, which had been an English possession since 1347. This partly explained why harsher treatment of Catholics occurred soon after, led by the Council of the North. As with the 1569 plot, she would marry the Duke of Norfolk. Company Reg no: 04489574. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! Pope refused to accept the divorce and marriage and as a result Catholics in England in 1558 did not accept Elizabeth as a legitimate monarch. It was a turning point: the rest of Elizabeth's reign was bedevilled by plots and rumours of Catholic rebellion. Describe two features of Mary Queen of Scots' threat to Elizabeth I. These problems all led to supply issues for the Spanish Armada and had a major impact on the morale of the Spanish troops. Therefore, I disagree with the statement. Catholic priests were ordered to leave so as not to influence the English Catholics with divided loyalties. Queen Elizabeth had become aware of this plan and in 1587, sent her most successful privateer, Sir Francis Drake, to spy on Spanish preparations and attack their ships and supplies. and reversing the religious settlement. "The little Queen of Scots is the most perfect child that I have ever seen," King Henry II of France proclaimed soon after meeting his new charge (Mary of Guise had stayed in Scotland to rule . No Payment details required and completelyRisk Free. He then banned English trade with the Netherlands for a period of time which damaged Englands economy and caused much hardship for the English people. In 1595 Elizabeth had to deal with a rebellion in Ireland led by Tyrone and O'Donnell. Which three countries were a threat to England and Elizabeth? Why was the Catholic threat greater by the 1580s? One way in which Mary was central to the Catholic threat was through her part in various plots to overthrow Elizabeth. The most important reason why Mary was a threat to Elizabeth's reign was the fact that Mary was Catholic. The conspirators including Babington were all. Why didn't Mary and Francis have a child? - coalitionbrewing.com Dudleys campaign in 1586-1587 proved to be unsuccessful and he suffered heavy defeats at the hands of the Spanish general, the. How far do you agree with the view that Elizabeth remained single Become a Member | Elizabeth I and France - History Learning Site Those who refused this were sent to prison. The threat of invasion was Elizabeth's main problem when she became Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland was part of the rebellion against Queen Elizabeth. The rebellion involved a force of approximately 5500 men and, for approximately a month, the north of England (from Alnwick to Pontefract, east of the Pennines) was in the control of the northern earls. Phillip was warned against this mission but believed he was on a mission from God. This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. In 1587, Sir Francis Drake attacked the Spanish port of Cadiz in what would become known as the Singeing of the King of Spains beard. During this journey, they encountered several powerful Atlantic storms and this resulted in many ships sinking or being wrecked on the Scottish and Irish coasts. Dedicated to. Write a paragraph or two. To her credit, when Elizabeth died in 1603, the nation was only in debt to the tune of 350,000 - 123,000 more than in 1558, but spread over the duration of her reign, this represented just under 3,000 a year. English Catholic Francis Throckmorton was the link of communication within this plan. gcse history 16 mark answer - The Student Room The plan was that 130 ships (equipped with 2431 guns) would sail along the Channel to the Netherlands, where they would pick up 27,000 troops, led by the Duke of Parma. Tensions in the Netherlands increased greatly between 1576 and 1584. Phillip II of Spain proposed marriage to Elizabeth. He also had a big empire in North and South America and by 1581, he had also become King of Portugal which gave him control of the important Atlantic port of Lisbon. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. This time, however, the evidence gathered by Walsingham was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial. Drake also managed to capture a Spanish ship called the. In the eyes of the Spanish, Drake was a pirate however in the eyes of the English and Elizabeth, he was a patriot. First English colony in Virginia established. The plots were often uncovered due to Elizabeths informants and Walsinghams highly efficient spy network. The Armadas journey back to Spain was a disaster. This was due to the actions of her father, Henry VIII, in 1533. The threat posed by the pretenders Perkin Warbeck and Lambert Simnel. As such, I disagree with the statement. Although her small kingdom was threatened by grave internal divisions, Elizabeth's blend of shrewdness, courage, and majestic self-display inspired ardent expressions of loyalty and helped unify the nation against foreign enemies. At the start of her reign in 1558, Elizabeth faced many problems it was a very tumultuous time for her. The Spanish attempted to regroup at Gravelines, however, the weather made it impossible for them to reform their defensive crescent formation which opened up an opportunity for the English to intercept and attack. This was because the society was very patriarchal, male dominated, meaning that she . "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd point + evidence. John White led another group to Roanoke, 3 years after the attempt to colonise it. This pleased those eager for her to marry, but made many unhappy because they did not want her to marry a French Catholic. Time line for foreign policy 1559- 1571. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation. Crucially, when the Spanish ships docked in English ports, the gold was seized by Elizabeth. Elizabeth I: a biography. I think I'm about to officially choose the Uni im going to but I'm not 100% sur, HELP, Official Imperial College 2023 Undergraduate Applicants Thread, Official Cambridge Postgraduate Applicants 2023 Thread, Plucking Serene Dreams From Golden Trees. Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the problem posed to Elizabeth I upon her accession arising from the question of legitimacy. Stimulus = Anne Boleyn / The threat from France, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. The plan was supported by various Catholic nobles, including the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland as this would mean Elizabeth (a Protestant) could be succeeded by a Catholic queen. - death of henry II. 214 High Street, She was reluctant to execute Mary as she was Queen of Scotland and she believed in Divine Right that rulers were sent by God to govern their country. The Armada sailed up the Channel in a defensive crescent formation which used the large armed galleons to protect the weaker supply ships and infantry ships. When Mary, Queen of Scots arrived in England in 1568, replacing Elizabeth with Mary became a realistic possibility. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd point + evidence, - However Elizabeth was also faced with threats about her legitimacy and gender, "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd explanation. Following Marys death, there were no more major Catholic plots during Elizabeths reign. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. Also, the activities of English pirates', who looted Spanish ships, caused problems between Spain and England. Manage Settings Anne Boleyn (L), Henry VIII (C) and Elizabeth I (R) Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. This caused panic among the Spanish sailors, who cut their anchor cables and broke their defensive formation as they headed for the open sea. In April 1587, Drake sailed to Cadiz and began attacking the anchored ships there. One factor Elizabeth had to face, which was seen as a huge disadvantage, was her gender. The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. Queen Elizabeth and King Phillip II were still reluctant to openly declare war with one another however, in 1585, this changed due to dispute over the Netherlands. GCSE: Early Elizabethan England (1558-88) - Tutor2u Phillip II of Spain was reluctant to destroy his alliance with Elizabeth and therefore his support for the plots were heart-hearted. There was also a fear that France and Scotland, alongside Spain, could launch an invasion of England as part of a greater Catholic crusade against the rogue English Protestant nation. Elizabeth mock: "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main - Quizlet The Spanish invasion didnt go according to plan when the Spanish Armada was launched in 1588. France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. Boston House, Despite the failure of 1585, another attempt to colonise Virginia took place. Catholics and Queen Elizabeth I - BBC Bitesize As Catholics do not believe in divorce it means that the marriage between Henry and Catherine was never dissolved, and therefore, the marriage with Anne never happened, and as a result of this Elizabeth was an illegitimate child and had no right to the throne of England. France was to be a constant thorn in the side of Elizabeth I throughout her reign. As Phillip was a devout Catholic, he disliked Elizabeths religious settlement and Protestanism. Describe two features of Elizabeth's religious settlement 1559 5. 1558 -french threat. A significant amount of the Spanish troops lacked the experience of naval warfare, whereas the English fleet was manned by experienced sailors. She raised an army following her escape from prison but was defeated at Langside (Glasgow). Elizabeth increased her financial commitment to the cause of the Dutch rebels and hired mercenary soldiers to intervene in the conflict under the leadership of John Casimir. Can I give a retake in the feb/march if I had given my exams in the may/June series. Importantly too, at different points these plots were orchestrated or sponsored by the Pope and Spain and were dependent on the support of English Catholics to work, demonstrating the increasing Catholic threat to Elizabeth, internationally and domestically. What made the Auld Alliance stronger at this time was the fact that Mary, Queen of Scots was married to the French Prince Francis II. The threat of France to Elizabeth's rule - BBC Bitesize - Leith blockade. Throughout her reign, Elizabeth was engaged in expensive financial issues, especially foreign policy. [Blog], Medicine Community Feedback and Suggestions, 2023 entry A100 / A101 Medicine fastest and slowest offer senders, Borders & Enforcement, Immigration Enforcement - Immigration Officer June 22, Official University of the Arts London 2023 Applicants Thread. Two influential Catholic families the Percys and the Nevilles plotted alongside the Duke of Norfolk to overthrow Elizabeth and replace her with the Catholic, Mary, Queen of Scots (who now resided in England). Social Studies American History: Reconstruction to the Present Guided Reading Workbook. In 1569, one of the wealthiest landowners in England, the Duke of Norfolk concocted a plan to marry Mary, Queen of Scots and have her recognised as Elizabeths heir. Mary became the inspiration for frequent revolts and rebellions, as it suddenly appeared possible that Elizabeth could be realistically replaced by a legitimate Catholic heir. In 1554 Mary had Elizabeth imprisoned in the Tower of London, briefly threatened her with execution, and then placed her under house arrest. King Philip of Spain sent an. Company Reg no: 04489574.

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