civil war camps in marylandcivil war camps in maryland
Florence Stockade operated from September 1864 to February 1865 and 15,000 to 18,000 Union soldiers were processed through the camp. For the next two days, Stuarts cavalry engaged in several actions that would, in varying degrees, hinder and delay their movement north to join the Confederate forces in Pennsylvania. WebMaryland in the American Civil War. 51-52. While other men born in Maryland may have served in other Confederate formations, the same is true of units in the service of the United States. Because Maryland had not seceded from the United States the state was not included under the Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863, which declared that all enslaved people within the Confederacy would henceforth be free. Learn about the Underground Railroad Movement by seeing short dramatic portraits of those involved (and some opposed), both anonymous and known. By the time the last prisoners were sent home in September of 1865, close to 3,000 men had perished. WebConfederate prisoners of war who secured their release from prison by enlisting in the Union Army, were recruited: Alton, Illinois (rolls 1320); Camp Douglas, Illinois (rolls 5364); Camp Morton, Illinois (rolls 99103); Point Lookout, Maryland (rolls 111129); and Rock Island, Illinois (rolls 131135.) They were filthy in the extreme, covered in verminnearly all were extremely emaciated; so much so that they had to be cared for even like infants.". $199.99 + $17.99 shipping. Not every experience behind camp walls was the same, however. Early defeated Union forces under Maj. Gen. Lew Wallace.The battle was part of Early's raid through the If I am attacked to-night, please open upon Monument Square with your mortars. Sign up to receive the latest information on the American Battlefield Trust's efforts to blaze The Liberty Trail in South Carolina. Although Union leadership mandated a ceiling of 4,000 prisoners at Elmira, within a month of its opening that numbered had swelled to 12,123 men. How many were citizens of Maryland when they enlisted does not appear. Lucius Eugene Chittenden, U.S. Treasurer during the Lincoln Administration, described the dreadful and horrifying conditions Union soldiers found at Belle Isle: "In a semi-state of nuditylaboring under such diseases as chronic diarrhea, scurvy, frost bites, general debility, caused by starvation, neglect and exposure, many of them had partially lost their reason, forgetting even the date of their capture, and everything connected with their antecedent history. The battle of Antietam, though tactically a draw, was strategically enough of a Union victory to give Lincoln the opportunity to issue, in September 1862, the Emancipation Proclamation. Join Our Email List WebCivil War Black Wilderness Trapper Stereoview Hunting Musket Powder Horn Rare + $10.75 shipping. Of the 50,000 Southern soldiers held in the army prison camp, who were housed in tents at the Point between 1863 and 1865, according to the Maryland Department of Natural Resources, (Maryland Park Service) nearly 4,000 died, although this death rate of 8 percent was less than half the death rate among soldiers who were still fighting in the field with their own armies. In addition to Forts McHenry and Carroll, these included: Fort #1/2 (1864) at West Baltimore and Smallwood Streets. The constitution was submitted to the people for ratification on October 13, 1864 and it was narrowly approved by a vote of 30,174 to 29,799 (50.31% to 49.69%) in a vote likely overshadowed by the heavy presence of Union troops in the state and the repression of Confederate sympathizers. As a result, the Rebels spent their winters shivering in biting cold and their summers in sweltering, pathogen-laden heat. [8] Butler fortified his position and trained his guns upon the city, threatening its destruction. In some instances, however, simple error and ignorance devolved into treachery and malicious intent, culminating in tragic losses of human life. WebCivil War camps on the "EASTERN SHORE" of MARYLAND. Archaeological Investigations The hospital staff is known to have assisted with the escape of several Maryland slaves while United States Colored Troops served as guards at the prison camp. Randolph McKim, Numerical Strength of the Confederate Army, New York, 1912. [59], On 6 September 1862 advancing Confederate soldiers entered Frederick, Maryland, the home of Colonel Bradley T. Johnson, who issued a proclamation calling upon his fellow Marylanders to join his colors. In addition to the high frequency of scurvy, many prisoners endured intense bouts of dysentery which further weakened their frail bodies. An honor system was set up where each side would take care of housing its own soldiers who had been designated as being on parole, meaning they would not fight in combat unless they were formally exchanged. This presentation, based on the speakers 2009 book, 2023 Montgomery County History Conference, African American History in Montgomery County, Stonestreet Museum of 19th Century Medicine. However, Wallace delayed Early for nearly a full day, buying enough time for Ulysses S. Grant to send reinforcements from the Army of the Potomac to the Washington defenses. Confederate casualties were 10,318 with 1,546 dead. Maryland had ratified the Thirteenth Amendment on February 3, 1865, within three days of it being submitted to the states. August 17 Union troops withdraw from the town to the Maryland shore. During the early summer of 1861, several thousand Marylanders crossed the Potomac to join the Confederate Army. [60] Hagerstown too would also suffer a similar fate. WebParole Camp Annapolis, Maryland, 1864. After shooting the President, Booth galloped on his horse into Southern Maryland, where he was sheltered and helped by sympathetic residents and smuggled at night across the Potomac River into Virginia a week later. Even though antebellum prison buildings provided some protection from the elements, blistering summers and brutal winters weakened the immune systems of the already malnourished and shabbily clothed Rebel prisoners. In 1861, while the population was quite low, the death rate hovered around 2%. [75] Those voting at their usual polling places were opposed to the Constitution by 29,536 to 27,541. Others suffered from harsh living conditions, severely cramped living quarters, outbreaks of disease, and sadistic treatment from guards and commandants. Captain Henry Wirz, commandant at Andersonville, was executed as a war criminal for not providing adequate supplies and shelter for the prisoners. [citation needed], The first bloodshed of the Civil War occurred in Maryland. Salisbury University, 1991). Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. [85] Maryland has three chapters of the Sons of Confederate Veterans. I have been researching Request one of the following Speakers Bureau topics through ouronline form! 56,000 men died in prison camps over the course of the war, accounting for roughly 10% of the war's total death toll and exceeding American combat losses in World War I, Korea, and Vietnam. 62-65. The singular actions of Clara Barton, Julia Ward Howe, Sarah Josepha Hale, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Harriet Tubman led to their prominence during the war, and launched them into successful public roles following the conflict. $199.99 + $17.99 shipping. ", Cannon, Jessica Ann. Despite the controversy, there can be little doubt that Andersonville was the Civil War's most infamous and deadly prison camp. Harpers Ferry is not occupied by either side again until February 1862. that "the 23rd was made up of men mostly from Washington and Baltimore" though the regiment was credited to the state of Virginia. Union camp leadership was largely to blame for the death toll. He also served two terms as Acting Assistant Surgeon with the Union Army. I turned and saw Dr. R. S. Steuart. Murphy v. Porter. [45] Among them were members of the former volunteer militia unit, the Maryland Guard Battalion, initially formed in Baltimore in 1859. It quickly became infamous for its staggering death rate and unfathoomable living conditions due to theCommissary General of Prisoners,Col. William Hoffman. Suitable for adults and young adults. Washington Camp (5) - A British Colonial WebOfficially named Camp Hoffman, the 40-acre prison compound was established north of At its peak, over 20,000 Confederate soldiers occupied Point Lookout at any given time, more than double its intended occupancy. One month later in October 1861 one John Murphy asked the United States Circuit Court for the District of Columbia to issue a writ of habeas corpus for his son, then in the United States Army, on the grounds that he was underage. To serve as early warning stations on bluffs overlooking the Potomac, Union troops built a series of blockhouses. [69] Such celebrations would prove short lived, as Steuart's brigade was soon to be severely damaged at the Battle of Gettysburg (July 13, 1863), a turning point in the war and a reverse from which the Confederate army would never recover. The city was in panic. Archaeological work is continuing on the only blockhouse now located on county park land at Blockhouse Point. WebThe Battle of Monocacy (also known as Monocacy Junction) was fought on July 9, 1864, about 6 miles (9.7 km) from Frederick, Maryland, as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864 during the American Civil War. The Maryland legislature refused to ratify both the 14th Amendment, which conferred citizenship rights on former slaves, and the 15th Amendment, which gave the vote to African Americans. The very nomination of Abraham Lincoln, four years ago, spoke plainly war upon Southern rights and institutions And looking upon African Slavery from the same stand-point held by the noble framers of our constitution, I for one, have ever considered it one of the greatest blessings (both for themselves and us,) that God has ever bestowed upon a favored nation I have also studied hard to discover upon what grounds the right of a State to secede has been denied, when our very name, United States, and the Declaration of Independence, both provide for secession.[80]. [14] In a letter to President Lincoln, Mayor Brown wrote: It is my solemn duty to inform you that it is not possible for more soldiers to pass through Baltimore unless they fight their way at every step. WebThe American Civil War in Maryland's State Parks South Mountain Battlefield. Some witnesses said he shouted "The South is avenged! On September 14, 1862, Union forces led by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan met Gen. Robert E. Lee s divided army at the Battle of South Mountain. Rockville, Maryland in the Civil War Speaker: Eileen McGuckian, As a small county seat located at the intersection of major roads in a slave-holding border state close the nations capital, Rockville saw considerable action during the Civil War. But few escaped to tell the tale.[65]. Col. Hoffman forced Confederate prisoners to sleep outside in the open while furnishing them with little to no shelter. Prisoners relied upon their own ingenuity for constructing drafty and largely inadequate shelters consisting of sticks, blankets, and logs. In 1864, elements of the warring armies again met in Maryland, although this time the scope and size of the battle was much smaller. Civil War veterans did it differently. 127 Maryland, Frederick County, Frederick The Lost Order Shrouded in a Cloak of Mystery Antietam Campaign 1862 After crossing the Potomac River early in September 1862, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee reorganized the Army of Northern Virginia into three separate wings. Stuarts actions proved a catastrophe for the Confederacy because he should have been with Robert E. Lees army in Pennsylvania. War produced a legacy of bitter resentment in politics, with the Democrats being identified with "treason and rebellion", a point much pressed home by their opponents. The use of triage, general anesthesia, and pain management will be discussed. [45] Its initial term of duty was for twelve months.[48]. Most Marylanders fought for the Union, but after the war a number of memorials were erected in sympathy with the Lost Cause of the Confederacy, including in Baltimore a Confederate Women's Monument, and a Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument. Divided Nation, Divided Town: One Womans Experience Speaker: Emily Correll. While the number of Marylanders in Confederate service is often reported as 20-25,000 based on an oral statement of General Cooper to General Trimble, other contemporary reports refute this number and offer more detailed estimates in the range of 3,500 (Livermore)[49] to just under 4,700 (McKim),[50] which latter number should be further reduced given that the 2nd Maryland Infantry raised in 1862 consisted largely of the same men who had served in the 1st Maryland, which mustered out after a year. civil War original matches. WebColonial Wars Pequot War French & Iroquois Wars King Philip's War Pueblo Rebellion King William's War Queen Anne's War Tuscarora War Dummer's War King George's War French & Indian War Pontiac's Rebellion Lord Dunmore's War American Wars Revolutionary War Tripolitan War Tecumseh's War War of 1812 Creek Indian War The First Seminole War [citation needed] This last provision diminished the power of the small counties where the majority of the state's large former slave population lived. Maryland, as a slave-holding border state, was deeply divided over the antebellum arguments over states' rights and the future of slavery in the Union. [37] The court objected that this disruption of its process was unconstitutional, but noted that it was powerless to enforce its prerogatives. Plumb will cover highlights of the womens contributions, their legacies, and their defining qualities such as courage, self-assurance, and persistence that led to their successes. However, modern interpretation of the evidence suggests did in fact face real supply shortages. $40.00 + $5.80 shipping. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. During this period in spring 1861, Baltimore Mayor Brown,[31] the city council, the police commissioner, and the entire Board of Police were arrested and imprisoned at Fort McHenry without charges. Confederate States Army bands would later play the song after they crossed into Maryland territory during the Maryland Campaign in 1862.[13]. [44], Although Maryland stayed as part of the Union and more Marylanders fought for the Union than for the Confederacy, Marylanders sympathetic to the secession easily crossed the Potomac River into secessionist Virginia in order to join and fight for the Confederacy. [3][4] In seven counties, Lincoln received not a single vote.[1]. However, as the war progressed, the conditions at Salisbury plummeted. WebColonial Wars Pequot War French & Iroquois Wars King Philip's War Pueblo Rebellion King William's War Queen Anne's War Tuscarora War Dummer's War King George's War French & Indian War Pontiac's Rebellion Lord Dunmore's War American Wars Revolutionary War Tripolitan War Tecumseh's War War of 1812 Creek Indian War The First Seminole War In March 1862, the Maryland Assembly passed a series of resolutions, stating that: This war is prosecuted by the Nation with but one object, that, namely, of a restoration of the Union just as it was when the rebellion broke out. There formerly was a Confederate monument behind the courthouse in Rockville, Maryland, dedicated to "the thin grey line". The earthworks were removed by 1869. While Union forces were able to gain control of the mountain, they could not stop Lee from regrouping and setting the The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! He has been concealed for more than six months. Some soldiers fared better in terms of shelter, clothing, rations, and overall treatment by their captors. Update, June 15 at 2:00 p.m.: The Maryland State House Trust has voted to remove a plaque in Maryland's Capitol building honoring the Civil War's Union and Confederate soldiers. WebDuring the Civil War Era, Point Lookout was first a hospital for wounded Union soldiers and then a Civil War prison camp for captured Confederate soldiers. When the writ was delivered to General Andrew Porter Provost Marshal of the District of Columbia he had both the lawyer delivering the writ and the United States Circuit Judge, Marylander William Matthew Merrick, who issued the writ, arrested to prevent them from proceeding in the case United States ex rel. WebAfter the battle of Gettysburg, Confederate prisoners were sent to Point Lookout Prison In the early months of the camp's existence, the conditions inside Salisbury were quite good, relatively speaking. The Confederacy opened Salisbury Prison, converted from a robustly constructed cotton mill, in 1861. However, the issues raised by Andersonville were shared by many camps on both sides. Two said Booth yelled "I have done it!" The Maryland General Assembly convened in Frederick and unanimously adopted a measure stating that they would not commit the state to secession, explaining that they had "no constitutional authority to take such action,"[19] whatever their own personal feelings might have been. McCausland had the city burned down. WebCumberland Civil War Forts (1860's), Cumberland Union defenses included: Fort Hill This reenactment portrays the nurse professions early challenges, its rewards and sadness, and a glimpse of other nurses whose names are known to us through their journals. Thomas Livermore, Numbers and Losses in the Civil War, Boston, 1900. The Man Who (Almost) Conquered Washington: Gen. John McCauslandSpeaker: James H. Johnston. "The social and economic impact of the Civil War on Maryland" (PhD dissertation, The Ohio State University, 1963) (ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1963. Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War, Antietam Camp #3. The Aftermath of Battle; All the Fighting They Early defeated Union troops under Maj. Gen. Lew Wallace. They remembered themselves in monuments through their generals. [76] Other witnesses including Booth himself claimed that he only yelled "Sic semper! After Atlanta fell to Union forces in September 1864, Confederates forces scrabbled to scatter the 30,000 Union soldiers imprisoned at Andersonville Prison in Macon County, Georgia. Stuarts men came through Rockville and captured her husband. With a death rate approaching 25%, Elmira was one of the deadliest Union-operated POW camps of the entire war. Overcrowding was yet again a major problem. Join us July 13-16! Maryland Humanities Council (2001). WebMaryland's Civil War Trails Base Camp. [47], Captain Bradley T. Johnson refused the offer of the Virginians to join a Virginia Regiment, insisting that Maryland should be represented independently in the Confederate army. 228-259 listing more than 300 men born in Maryland. In 1865, when the number of prisoners ballooned to its peak, the death rate exceeded 28%. Closed in 1865. It did not affect Maryland. During the American Civil War (18611865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. WebSeal of Maryland during the war. The poet Walt Whitman was driven to comment on the shocking living arrangements at Belle Isle after encountering surviving prisoners, appalled at "the measureless torments of thehelpless young men, with all their humiliations, hunger, cold, filth, despair, hope utterly given out, and the more and more frequent mental imbecility.". A further 3,925 Marylanders, not differentiated by race, served as sailors or marines. (PowerPoint presentation.). 45-50 minutes. WebCamp Hoffman (1) (1863-1865) - A Union U.S. Civil War prison camp established in 1863 on Point Lookout, Saint Mary's County, Maryland. In this case U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice, and native Marylander, Roger B. Taney, acting as a federal circuit court judge, ruled that the arrest of Merryman was unconstitutional without Congressional authorization, which Lincoln could not then secure: The President, under the Constitution and laws of the United States, cannot suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, nor authorize any military officer to do so. [33], The Merryman decision created a sensation, but its immediate impact was rather limited, as the president simply ignored the ruling. Every purchase supports the mission. The Civil War Camps at Muddy Branch and the Outpost Camp and Blockhouse at Blockhouse PointSpeaker: Don Housley. In that time, the number of men packing onto the tiny island grew to more than 30,000 men. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. Between 1861 and 1865, some 29 Union regiments from 13 states stationed at Muddy Branch guarded the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Potomac River crossings in the general area between Seneca and Pennyfield Locks. Belle Isle operated from 1862 to 1865. The sirens whistled. In a letter explaining his actions, Booth wrote: I have ever held the South was right. By late summer Maryland was firmly in the hands of Union soldiers. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, consisting of about 40,000 men, had entered Maryland following their recent victory at Second Bull Run. The battle of Antietam stopped the Confederate Army's first march to the north and produced WebPoolesville Civil War Camps (1861 - 1865), at or near Poolesville Union garrison posts [41][42] May was eventually released and returned to his seat in Congress in December 1861, and in March 1862 he introduced a bill to Congress requiring the federal government to either indict by grand jury or release all other "political prisoners" still held without habeas. 2023 Montgomery County Historical Society. In other words, the Assembly members could only agree to state that the war was being fought over the issue of secession. But what was Earlys aim, and how close did he come to taking the city and ending the war? There were simply too many prisoners and not enough food, clothing, medicine, or tents to go around. [75] The Marylanders serving in the Union Army were overwhelmingly in favor of the new Constitution, supporting ratification by a margin of 2,633 to 263.[75]. Lincoln had wished to issue his proclamation earlier, but needed a military victory in order for his proclamation not to become self-defeating. State's participation as a Union slave state; a border state, Marylanders fought both for the Union and the Confederacy, Constitution of 1864, and the abolition of slavery. The song's lyrics urged Marylanders to "spurn the Northern scum" and "burst the tyrant's chain" in other words, to secede from the Union. [14], Hearing no immediate reply from Washington, on the evening of April 19 Governor Hicks and Mayor Brown ordered the destruction of railroad bridges leading into the city from the North, preventing further incursions by Union soldiers. In the presidential election of 1860 Lincoln won just 2,294 votes out of a total of 92,421, only 2.5% of the votes cast, coming in at a distant fourth place with Southern Democrat (and later Confederate general) John C. Breckinridge winning the state. [43] The provisions of May's bill were included in the March 1863 Habeas Corpus Act, in which Congress finally authorized Lincoln to suspend habeas corpus, but required actual indictments for suspected traitors. Of the 11,764 Confederates who entered Alton Federal Prison, no fewer than 1,500 perished as result of various diseases and aliments. The Odyssey of a Civil War Soldier Speaker: Robert Plumb. On June 28, 1863, Confederate General J.E.B Stuart and his three cavalry brigades crossed the Potomac River and arrived in Montgomery County. In recent years, America has commemorated valor by erecting monuments to entire wars, such as the World War II and the Vietnam Veterans Memorials. WebThe first Union Army "parole camp" for exchanged Northern prisoners of war, was Jim Johnston uses the statues to tell the story of the Civil War and of the artistry that went into them. [57] After hours of desperate fighting the Southerners emerged victorious, despite an inferiority both of numbers and equipment. In the 14 months of its existence, 45,000 prisoners were received at Andersonville prison, and of these nearly 13,000 died. WebEmerging Civil War Series. The Presidency of Abraham Lincoln (18611865) suspended the constitutional right of habeas corpus from Washington to Philadelphia. The battle was part of Early's raid through the Shenandoah Valley and into Maryland, attempting to divert Union forces away from Gen. Robert E. Lee's army under siege at Petersburg, Virginia. This Civil War presentation will use a life-sized mannequin dressed as a wounded Civil War soldier to discuss and demonstrate some Civil War-era (1860s) battlefield medical procedures and techniques. [62] The battle was the culmination of Robert E. Lee's Maryland Campaign, which aimed to take the war to the North. In more recent times, markers have been erected at the supposed site on the C&O Canal at Violettes and Rileys locks. [74] The new constitution emancipated the state's slaves (who had not been freed by President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation), disenfranchised southern sympathizers, and re-apportioned the General Assembly based upon white inhabitants. George P. McClelland served with the 155th Pennsylvania Infantry, Army of the Potomac, from August 1862 to his discharge in June 1865. Lincoln ignored the ruling of Chief Justice Roger B. Taney in "Ex parte Merryman" decision in 1861 concerning freeing John Merryman, a prominent Southern sympathizer arrested by the military. Confederate General John McCausland bragged to Ulysses Grant that McCausland had come closer to taking the city than any other Confederate general. Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War, Antietam Camp #3. Abolition of slavery in Maryland came before the end of the war, with a new third constitution voted approval in 1864 by a small majority of Radical Republican Unionists then controlling the nominally Democratic state. Maryland exile George H. Steuart, leading the 2nd Maryland Infantry regiment, is said to have jumped down from his horse, kissed his native soil and stood on his head in jubilation. The 1860 Census reported the chief destinations of internal immigrants from Maryland as Ohio and Pennsylvania, followed by Virginia and the District of Columbia. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. [34] Indeed, when Lincoln's dismissal of Chief Justice Taney's ruling was criticized in a September 1861 editorial by Baltimore newspaper editor Frank Key Howard (Francis Scott Key's grandson), Howard was himself arrested by order of Lincoln's Secretary of State Seward and held without trial. A soldier who survived his ordeal in a camp often bore deep psychological scars and physical maladies that may or may not have healed in time. Provided by Touchpoints Contact Info Mailing Address: This history of the 1st U.S.C.T., credited to the District of Columbia contains roster on pp. 6306239). On May 23, 1862, at the Battle of Front Royal, the 1st Maryland Infantry, CSA was thrown into battle with their fellow Marylanders, the Union 1st Regiment Maryland Volunteer Infantry. He was in charge of a temporary Army General Hospital in Rockville, treating the wounded after the Battle of Antietam (1862), and also treated the ill soldiers of the 6th Michigan Cavalry Regiment in Rockville (1863) prior to its heroic efforts during the Battle of Gettysburg.
