nye committee apushnye committee apush
The Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies (CDAAA) was an American political action group formed in May 1940. The Secretary of State under Roosevelt who suggested a plan to give the president power to reduce US tariffs up to 50% for nations that reciprocated with comparable reductions for US imports. In its final report, the Nye Committee also identified the Chaco War between Bolivia and Paraguay as a key example of complicity between debt financiers, arms makers, and militaries. Ratified on October 24, 1945. Click to Rate "Hated It" Click to Rate "Didn't Like It" . As Senator Nye connected the war profiteers of the banking and munitions industries to America's involvement in the war, many Americans felt they had been drawn into what was, in fact, a European war by pro-war propaganda that had portrayed the war as a battle between the forces of good and evildemocracy and autocracy. Addressed to the Congress on January 6, 1941. What are the 3 biblical grounds for divorce? The committee investigated the financial and banking interests which underlay United States' involvement in World War I, and was a significant factor in public and political support for American neutrality in the early stages of World War II. VI Congress Legislates Neutrality 1 The 1934 Nye Committee was formed to. By March 1918, these and other mobilization problems forced President Wilson to strengthen the WIB, first be appointing influential industrialist and financier Bernard M. Baruch as its chairman. What was the greatest triumph of the New Deal? On April 2, 1917, President Woodrow Wilson went before a joint session of Congress to request a declaration of war against Germany. Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA), in U.S. history, major New Deal program to restore agricultural prosperity during the Great Depression by curtailing farm production, reducing export surpluses, and raising prices. The hearings covered four topics: The munitions industry. (pronoun), V (verb), adj. To mobilize antiwar sentiments, he helped establish the America First Committee. A. Why were Americans worried about Hitlers attacks against Great Britain? Finally,World War II ended in 1945. APUSH Review Timeline (interactive) 2. What was the conclusion of the Nye Committee? Check Latest Ranking 10 Nye Committee (Munitions Industry, 1934-1936) - Historic . According to peace activist Dorothy Detzer, Norris said, "Nye's young, he has inexhaustible energy, and he has courage. The Nye Committee, officially known as the Special Committee on Investigation of the Munitions Industry, was a United States Senate committee (April 12, 1934 February 24, 1936), chaired by U.S. On July 28, 1917, Wilson set up the WIB within the CND. The Nye Committee (Special Committee Investigating the Munitions Industry), 1934-1936 From its establishment in 1934, the Senate Special Committee Investigating the Munitions Industry was often identified with its colorful chairman, progressive Republican Gerald P. Nye of North Dakota. [6] Historian Charles Callan Tansill's America Goes To War (1938) exploited the Nye Committee's voluminous report of testimony and evidence to develop and confirm the heavy influence exercised by Wall Street finance (notably J.P. Morgan) and the armaments industry (notably Du Pont) in the process that led to American intervention. Why did FDR create the officer of price administration (OPA)? That Hideki Tojo was a threat to Americas national security and should be stopped. U.S. industrial production increased by 20% under the WIB. What is the function of membrane phospholipids? Stephen Wise. The Army and Navy, for example, continued to establish their individual priorities for buying supplies and equipment. Senator Gerald Nye. [12] Most famously, Hiss "badgered" DuPont officials and questioned and cross-examined Bernard Baruch on March 29, 1935. scorpio rising female characteristics. By 1918, consumer prices were almost twice what they had been before the war. Nye created headlines by drawing connections between the wartime profits of the banking and munitions industries to Americas involvement in World War I. Federal law provides the President to send US military armed forces into action abroad by: authorization of congress or if the US is under attack or serious threat. Lecture outline --> "Two From 8 p.m. to 0.30 a.m. you can dance to music from the 1920s to the 1950s. Giant AHAP Review Sheet by a student from the class of '04, Horace Greeley HS 3. The Phoney War was a phase early in World War IIin the months following Britain and France's declaration of war on Germany (shortly after the German invasion of Poland) in September 1939 and preceding the Battle of France in May 1940that was marked by a lack of major military operations by the Western Allies against the German Reich. There were seven members: Nye, the committee chair; and Senators Homer T. Bone (D-WA), James P. Pope (D-ID), Bennett Champ Clark (D-MO), Walter F. George (D-GA), W. Warren Barbour (R-NJ), and Arthur H. Vandenberg (R-MI). Alfred Nobel Alfred Nobel was called the Merchant of Death for his inventions and the most prestigious award is given after his name. A policy of the United States Administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt during 1933-45, with the goal of strengthening relations with Latin America and hemispheric solidarity against external threats. For unaccompanied ladies, there will also be taxi . Because prices of goods were threatening to rise out of control so they froze the prices. 2012. Are normoblast found in circulating blood? a top-secret project that employed over 100,000 people and spent $2 billion to develop a weapon whose power came from the splitting of the atom. Write a vocabulary word for the definition or clue. Pearl Harbor was attacked on December 7, 1941. people who already borrowed and still owed money to the US could not borrow anymore, APUSH The American Pageant Chapter 31 vocab, APUSH The American Pageant Chapter 32 vocab, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, Donald Kagan, Frank M. Turner, Steven Ozment, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Chapter 34- Franklin D. Roosevelt and the "send guns, not sons"; send a limitless supply of arms to victims of aggression, Roosevelt & Churchills secret conferences- 8 pt. Did the Mayflower Go Off Course on Purpose? 23, 2021, thoughtco.com/war-industries-board-history-and-purpose-5181082. The Nye Committee reported that during World War IJuly 28, 1914, to November 11, 1918the United States had loaned Germany $27 million while lending Britain and its allies $2.3 billion. It found that bankers had pressured Wilson to intervene in the war in order to protect their loans abroad. At the Wirtshaus am Bavariapark, the Munich Cultural Department is organising a New Year's Eve party with salon music. Federal Advisory Committee Act overview of advisory committees since 1993 : statement of L. Nye Stevens, Director Hunted by the KGB - Whittaker Chambers: Biography, Spy Case (1997), The History of the United States, in 10,000 Words, Joseph McCarthy, and Other Facets of the 1950s Red Scare. nfhs volleyball jewelry rules; zimbabwe consulate appointment booking; sageata albastra tren viteza; apple specialist uk salary Nye Committee [3][4][5] One of the best-known was Smedley D. Butler, a retired Marine Corps general who had become a spokesman for left-wing anti-war elements. What was the Good Neighbor Policy? What types of groups and individuals supported Reagan's rise to the presidency? The territory that Japan marched into to establish a puppet govt in September 1931; this was the greatest threat to world peace and also in direct defiance of the Open Door Policy. Based on your research, write an essay analyzing the importance of the French assistance to the American colonists. Claimed they had caused America's entry into WWI. As a result, the newly-created WIB was on its own in dealing with labor-management disputes resulting from increased demand for materials during World War I. The board set production quotas and allocated raw materials. What were the findings of the Nye Committee quizlet? Nye Committee 1934. formed to investigate whether or not munitions manufacturers and bankers were pro-war in WWI soley to make profit; increased anti-war atmosphere and push to pass Neutrality Acts. Why were Americans worried about Hitlers attacks on Britain, in particular? View FDR from APUSH 101 at Walker High School. This battle had two objectives: (1) overcoming the menace of German submarines in the Atlantic and (2) beginning bombing raids on German cities; German subs sank over 500 Allied ships in 1942, but the Allied powers developed ways to fight back via sonar, radar, and bombing of German naval bases. Subjects: 34 apush chapter . We are pretty open and up for anything, this is our first time. The Nye Committee conducted 93 hearings and questioned more than 200 witnesses. American History USA Nye Committee The Nye Committee, officially known as the Special Committee on Investigation of the Munitions Industry, was a United States Senate committee chaired by U.S. The Nye Committee conducted 93 hearings and questioned more than 200 witnesses. People unfamiliar with computers may find them_____. Compare and contrast apartheid and Jim Crow laws. Stephen Rauschenbusch, son of Christian Social Gospel activist Walter Rauschenbusch, was appointed lead counsel for the Committee; his assisting counsel included Robert Wolforth, Josephine Burns and Alger Hiss. Many Americans felt betrayed and questioned that the war had been an epic battle between the forces of good (democracy) and evil (autocracy). With the Department of Defense and Pentagon not to be created until 1947, the WIB was an ad hoc department created to coordinate procurement between the Army and the Navy. With rising retail prices, corporate profits soared, especially in the chemical, meatpacking, oil, and steel industries. Germany's desperate counterattack launched in Belgium in December 1944. B). That strengthened the position of isolationists and non-interventionists in the . Add hyphens, brackets, and dashes where needed in the following sentences. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. It also conducted psychological testing to help people find the right jobs. APUSH CHAPTER 34; Apush Chapter 34. by kylecwalden9, Apr. In 1935, Mussolini ordered Italian troops to invade this country to prove fascism's military might; League of Nations and US objected but did nothing to stop the Italian aggressor. In 1936, Hitler openly defied the Treaty of Versailles by marching German soldiers into this territory in Western Germany. Germanys resumption of submarine attacks on passenger and merchant ships in 1917 became the primary motivation behind Wilsons decision to lead the United States into World War I. Vi congress legislates . Charles A. Lindbergh (the aviator) was its most effective speaker. Chapter 40 Outline.doc. Its model influenced national policy during the New Deal and World War II. The inventor of dynamite and explosives was criticised for finding ways to kill people faster than ever. In 1934, the Nye Committee, chaired by Senator Gerald Nye (R-North Dakota) held hearings to investigate the profits of the industrial, commercial, and banking firms that had supplied war materials under the supervision of the WIB. Alfred Nobel was called the Merchant of Death for his inventions and the most prestigious award is given after his name. Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953); USSR dictator Benito Mussolini Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943). Public opinion pushed Congress to pass the Neutrality Acts to keep us out of WWII. The American financier Bernard M. Baruch (1870-1965). In carrying out its mission, the WIB employed modern industrial techniques such as the assembly line, mass production, and interchangeable parts. The Nye Committee investigated arms manufacturers and bankers of World War I. "I wish those people who write so glibly about this being a holy war and the orators who talk so much about going on no matter how long the war lasts and what it may mean could see a case-to say nothing of ten cases-of mustard gas in its early stages-could see the poor things burnt and blistered all over with great mustard-coloured suppurating [oozing] blisters, with blind eyes all sticky and stuck together, and always fighting for breath with voices a mere whisper, saying that their throats are closing' and they know they will choke." A resort town on the Black Sea coast of the Soviet Union where the Big Three conferred in February 1945. Because of these facts Senator Nye, many war critics, and members of the American public concluded that the US entered the war for reasons of profit, not policy because it was in the interest of American finance banks and investors for the Allies not to lose so that they would be able to pay interest and principal on their loans. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Signaled the end of U.S. neutrality in the war. The Neutrality Bill, providing for an embargo on arms and loans to nations at war, was the only legislation even partially enacted into law. Why do you think the seafarer tells about his life and its hardships? One of the richest men in the world during his lifetime, Zaharoff was described as both a merchant of death and a mystery man of Europe. Drawing authority from the Overman Act of 1918 granting the president the power to coordinate government agencies during the war, Wilson also established the WIB as a decision-making body separate from the CND, marking a major step in its development. 1935: Authorized the president to prohibit all arms shipments and to forbid US citizens to travel on the ships of belligerent nations; 1936) Forbade the extension of loans and credits to belligerents; 1937) Forbade the shipment of arms to the opposing sides in the civil war in Spain. The general that led the Fascist troops in the Spanish Civil war, and later set up a military dictatorship. The leaders of the US, the Soviet Union, and Great Britain who arranged to confer secretly to coordinate their military strategies and to lay the foundation for peace terms. APUSH The American Pageant Chapter 33 vocab. After printing false information that spawned riots, the publisher promised a higher degree of _______ from its editorial staff. Was the U.S. neutral before Pearl Harbor? The Nye Committee, officially known as the Special Committee on Investigation of the Munitions Industry, was a United States Senate committee chaired by U.S. Nye Committee 1934. formed to investigate whether or not munitions manufacturers and bankers were pro-war in WWI soley to make profit; increased anti-war atmosphere and push to pass Neutrality Acts. Graduated from ENSAT (national agronomic school of Toulouse) in plant sciences in 2018, I pursued a CIFRE doctorate under contract with SunAgri and INRAE in Avignon between 2019 and 2022. What are the pros and cons of open source software? On December 7, 1941, Japanese bombers flew over the US naval base in Pearl Harbour, Hawaii, bombing every ship in sight while many soldiers were still asleep in their bunks. Which was a reason that Northern leaders disagreed over the South rejoining the Union? Hitler insisted that Germany had a right to take over this strip of land which was mostly German Speaking. The idea that people should glorify their nation and their race through an aggressive show of force; advocated in Italy by Benito Mussolini. Content Review Apush 1-2.pptx. -In 1936, Nazi Hitler and Fascist Mussolini allied themselves in the Rome-Berlin Axis because they both wanted to take over europe. A party that attracted dissatisfied war veterans, nationalists, and those afraid of rising communism. All Rights Reserved. After the Spanish- American War, the US entered the Progressive Era, which could also be seen as aTurning Point. [16]. Sep 1, 1939, Start of WWII Apr 12, 1934, The Nye Committee ruling 1935, The Neutrality Acts Sep 2, 1940, Destroyers For Bases Mar 11, 1941, Lend-Lease Act Dec 7, 1941, Pearl Harbor Sep 8, 1938, Hemispheric Defense Zone 1941, The Atlantic Charter You might like: 50 Most Important Dates In US History 50 Important Dates in US History Nye Committee: In 1934 Senator Gerald P. Nye of North Dakota held hearings to investigate the country's involvement on WW1; this committee documented the huge profits that arms factories had made during the war: 340091760: General Francisco Franco: In 1936 the Spanish Civil War began. Which event immediately preceded Germany's surrender and the end of WWII? D. Some leaders felt that allowing Southern states back into the Union would delay westward expansion. It was discovered following the war as US troops advanced on Germany during which they came upon concentration camps and witnessed the horrifying extent of the Nazi's program of Genocide against Jews and others. View Chapter 23 Critical Questions from HISTORY MISC at Greendale High. To the dismay of many members of Congress, the industrial war mobilization conducted under the direction of the WIB, while marginally helpful to the war effort, helped certain war producers and holders of raw materials and patents build massive fortunes. As you are reviewing for this era, focus on the key concepts and use the essential questions to guide you. A document drawn up by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and FDR; it affirmed what their peace objectives would be when the war ended. (preposition), or conj. The inventor of dynamite and explosives was criticised for finding ways to kill people faster than ever. But even it was crippled by its 'half-measure' provisions. From: Begun on September 1, 1939, German tanks and planes began a full-scale invasion of Poland; Britain and France kept their pledge and declared war against Germany, and soon with Axis Allies Italy and Japan. The CND analyzed the abilities of the major U.S. industries to meet military needs and to mobilize in case of war. The War Industries Board (WIB) was a United States government agency that operated from July 1917 to December 1918, during World War I to coordinate the purchase of war materials by the Department of the Army the Navy Department. Theme Blog Forever by. Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943). The Republican nominee for president in the 1940 election, he was a surprise nominee as he had never before run for public office; He criticized the New deal but largely agreed with Roosevelt on preparedness and giving aid to Britain short of actually entering the war. VI Congress Legislates Neutrality 1 The 1934 Nye Committee was formed to from APUSH 101 at Diamond Bar High. To this end, the WIB prioritized needs, fixed prices, and oversaw the standardization of the products essential to supporting the war efforts of the United States and its allies. What action did the OPA take to combat prices? June 6, 1944.the date the Allied drive to liberate France began, with the largest invasion by sea in history. C. Some leaders wanted to keep slavery legal in the South. The Night of the Broken Glass, also known as Kristallnacht, was a night _____. The committee documented the huge profits that arms factories had made during the war. These revelations led Senator Nye, many pacifists, and members of the American public to contend that profit, rather than peace had motivated the U.S. to enter the war. This investigation of these "merchants of death" helped to bolster sentiments favoring neutrality, non-interventionism, disarmament, and taking the profits out of weapons procurements.[16]. Background. A majority of nations, including most of the worlds great powers, fought on two sides consisting of military alliances. Is that still true? The Nye Committee conducted 93 hearings and questioned more than 200 witnesses. Longley, Robert. European democracies could buy arms and war materials only if they paid cash and transported the arms themselves, was a phase in early World War II marked by few military operations in Continental Europe, in the months following the German invasion of Poland and preceding the Battle of France. fireline multi mission; replacing a concealed shower valve [7], The push for the appointment of Senator Gerald Nye (R-ND) to the chairmanship of this committee came from Senator George Norris (R-NE). Public opinion pushed Congress to pass the Neutrality Acts to . Instead of twenty, the WIB was made up of seven members, all civilians except for one representative each from the Army and Navy. The Power of the Isolationists Before World War II. While industrial production increased under the WIB, it was accused of helping so-called war profiteers amass vast fortunes. document, 66 nations to address world- wide economic problems . Why did my AcuRite thermometer stop working? America First Committee public opinion divided anti-war group - incl Lindbergh, Hoover 7. It was a significant factor in public and political support for American neutrality in the early stages of World War II. This excellent BBC documentary looks at the politics behind the war, in particular how the rulers of Britain, Russia, and the United StatesChurchill, Roosevelt, and Stalininteracted with each other. Content Review Apush 9-11.pptx. The 1920s, while "roaring," saw the US become isolated. The program established by Hitler for the systematic murder of Jewish civilians. Nye Committee- Equal mutual rights and benefits granted and enjoyed. On January 1, 1919, President Wilson decommissioned the WIB by executive order. Standing before cheering colleagues in a packed Senate Chamber, Glass slammed his fist onto his desk until blood dripped from his knuckles." War was declared by each side, but no Western power had committed to launching a significant land offensive, notwithstanding the terms of the Anglo-Polish military alliance and the Franco-Polish military alliance, which obliged the United Kingdom and France to assist Poland. What does the nurse believe is making those who are in favor of the war ignore its human costs? It was at the forefront of the effort to support a "pro-British policy" against Axis aggression, advocating for American military materiel support of Britain as the best way to keep the United States out of the conflict then raging in Europe. The Great Mistake - Why Did the South Secede in 1860? An admiral who adopted the strategy of "island-hopping" to enable the Allied powers to get within fighting range of the Japanese islands. Bernard Mannes Baruch (August 19, 1870 - June 20, 1965) was an American financier and statesman.. After amassing a fortune on the New York Stock Exchange, he impressed President Woodrow Wilson by managing the nation's economic mobilization in World War I as chairman of the War Industries Board.He advised Wilson during the Paris Peace Conference.He made another fortune in the postwar bull . What event brought the United States into WWII? Borrowing from precedents set by the WIB, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, in 1933, established the National Recovery Administration (NRA) to combat the effects of the Great Depression by establishing the same cooperation between government and industry introduced by the WIB during World War I. Nye Committee 1934. formed to investigate whether or not munitions manufacturers and bankers were pro-war in WWI soley to make profit; increased anti-war atmosphere and push to pass Neutrality Acts. Ultimately in 1939, Franco's Fascists prevailed and established a military dictatorship. Established by FDR in his first inaugural address, concentrating on other nations of the Western Hemisphere. FDR backs out. Some leaders wanted the South to pay for damage done during the Civil War. What was the Nye Committee Apush? Social sciences International economic conference on stabilizing currency to solve Great Depression, nation to which the US promised independence in the Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934, FDR's repudiation of TR's corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, stating good neighbor policy towards L. American countries, prohibited sale of arms to belligerents in a war; banned loans to belligerents; citizens cannot travel to countries at war or travel on armed ships; passed to prevent American involvement in future overseas wars, conflict between the revel Fascist forces of Gen. Franco and the Loyalist gov't; severely tested US neutrality; Mussolini and Hitler helped in order to use SP as testing ground for bombs, Roosevelt's speech 1937 that proposed strong US measures against overseas aggressors (Japan), European diplomatic conf where GB and FR appease Hitler's demands for Sudentenland in Czechoslovakia, piece of land south Czechoslovakia; betrayed by GB and FR to appease Hitler in 1938 Munich Conference, term for the British-French policy of attempting to prevent war by granting German demands, Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies, group advocating US support for GB in the fight against Hitler, headed by Charles Lindbergh; isolationist group advocating that US focus on continental defense and non-involvement with WWII, law that made the US the "arsenal for democracy" by providing supposedly temorary military material assistance to GB, communist nation invaded by Hitler in June 1941 that was also aided by American lend-lease, US.-GB agreement of Aug 1941 to promote democracy and intentions for improvement post WWII; created by Winston Churchill and FDR in a secret conference, self-determination, disarmament, freedom of seas, peace of security, League of Nations, 5 specific points of the Atlantic Charter, US destroyer sunk by German U-boats off the coast of iceland in Oct 1941, major American naval base devastated in a surpise attack in Dec 1941, FDR's Sec'ry of State who promoted Reciprocal Trade Agreement, low tariffs, and Good Neighbor policy, Fascist leader of Germany; started WWII under the "big lie"- belief that GER was stabbed in the back by Jews in WWI, Fascist dictator of Italy; sought to recreate a Roman empire; allied with Hitler in Roman-Berlin Axis; invaded Ethiopia; "Benevolent Dictator", instigator of 1934 Senate hearings that castigated WWI munitions manufacturers as "merchants of death", Fascist rebel leader against Spanish Loyalist gov't; helped by Hitler and Mussolini to become dictator of Spain, African nation invaded by Mussolini in 1935, Democratic nation betrayed at Munich Conference, invaded Sept 1939 by Hitler; set off WWII, seized by Hitler in 1940; pushed the US closer to direct aid to GB, leader of America First Committee; chief spokesman for US isolationism, dark horse Rep Presidential nominee in 1940; lost against FDR; attacked FDR for the third term attempt, courageous prime minister who led GB's lonely resistance to Hitler; involved with the secret Atlantic Conference, Russian dictator who first helped HItler destroy Poland before becoming victim of Nazi aggression in 1941; transformed RUS into a military power in 15 years, nation near whose waters US destroyers, namely USS Kearny, came under Nazi submarine attack, put Philippines on the road to independence, designed by Cordell Hull to increase American exports; reversed Hawley-Smoot Tariff by decreasing the tariff, nation that acted against the Washington Naval Treaty in 1934 and walked out of London Conference, forbade any country that still owed US money from borrowing any more cash, formed 1936 by a group of Princton U students; anti-war group that mocked the early payment of bonuses to WWI veterans, formed to investigate whether or not munitions manufacturers and bankers were pro-war in WWI soley to make profit; increased anti-war atmosphere and push to pass Neutrality Acts, American gunboat bombed and sunk by Japanese in 1937; Japan apologized and sent $ to victims' families; unwilling to go to war, US forgave easily, strip of land demilitarized according to Versailles Treaty; invaded by Hitler, aka Neutrality Act of 1939; Euro nations (Allies) can buy war materials from US only if they provide transportation and pay in cash, meeting where US warned Germany that it could not take over orphan colonies in the Americas, first peacetime draft; trained 1.2 million troops, two leading Republican presidential candidate aspirants, unarmed US merchant ship torpedoed and destroyed by a German U-boat outside war zone; May 1941, Hitler-Stalin Nonaggression Pact; 10-year peace treaty; Russia can keep 1/3 of Poland when Hitler attacks it, term dubbed to the early phase of WWII; period of silence and inactivity in Europe after Hitler moved his forces from Poland and eventually attacked Norway and Denmark, established and reinforced by FDR to create good relations with L. America; nullied Roosevelt Corollary, independent farmers; Stalin ordered Collective Farming (crops go to Russian gov't), Nazi party failed attempt to seize Munich govt 1923; Hitler emerges as a national hero when jailed, "lightning war"; German military warfare tactic, Norway, Denark, Belgium, Luxembourg, Holland, five "weaker" countries Hitler attacked before France (after phoney war), France's wall of defense that only faced Germany and stopped at the Ardennes, thick forest on the border of France and Germany, used by FDR in one of his fireside chats to persuade Americans to support Lend Lease Policy, July 1940-Dec 1941; air war between GER and GB, initially invented by GB to detect aircraft in the air; eventually used by all belligerent countries in WWII, Russian tactic; used against GER after GER attack June 1941; allowed Ger to conquer land to separate them from supply line and fall in trap of the brutal winter, Japanese admiral who planned Pearl Harbor Attack; Japan stealthily came in from the North, Pearl harbor attack; holiday time, Sunday morning.
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